https://tekivex.com/tutorials In-depth tutorials on system design, software architecture, frontend & backend patterns, and AI/ML — published by Tekivex. en-us Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/intro-to-system-design https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/intro-to-system-design What is system design, why it matters for engineers, and a high-level overview of the design process from requirements to deployment. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/scalability https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/scalability Learn the difference between horizontal and vertical scaling, when to use each, and how to implement basic horizontal scaling with Node.js clustering. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/cap-theorem https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/cap-theorem Understand the CAP theorem — Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance — and learn which distributed databases prioritize which guarantees. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/latency-throughput https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/latency-throughput Understand the difference between latency and throughput, learn common latency numbers every engineer should know, and how to optimize both. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/load-balancing https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/load-balancing Learn load balancing algorithms (round-robin, least connections, consistent hashing), Layer 4 vs Layer 7, and see a practical nginx configuration example. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/caching-strategies https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/caching-strategies Master cache-aside, write-through, write-behind, and read-through caching patterns with practical Redis examples and trade-off analysis. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/cdn-edge https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/cdn-edge How Content Delivery Networks work, the concept of Points of Presence, cache hit ratios, and the difference between CDN-served and origin-served requests. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/rate-limiting https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/rate-limiting Protect your API with rate limiting using token bucket, leaky bucket, and sliding window algorithms, with a practical Express middleware implementation. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/database-design https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/database-design Compare SQL and NoSQL databases, understand normalization, indexing strategies, and see practical schema design examples for both PostgreSQL and MongoDB. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/sharding-replication https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/sharding-replication Understand database sharding strategies (horizontal, vertical, directory-based) and replication topologies (master-replica, multi-master) for scaling data systems. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/message-queues https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/message-queues Understand message queue patterns (point-to-point, pub/sub), when to use them, and implement a simple queue with practical code examples. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/microservices-vs-monolith https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/microservices-vs-monolith Compare monolithic and microservice architectures, understand when to use each, and learn about communication patterns between services. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/api-design https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/api-design Compare REST, GraphQL, and gRPC API styles, learn RESTful design best practices, versioning strategies, and see practical code examples for each. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/design-url-shortener https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/design-url-shortener A complete system design walkthrough for building a URL shortener like bit.ly, covering requirements, estimation, architecture, database schema, and scaling. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/understanding-ip-addresses https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/understanding-ip-addresses IPv4 vs IPv6, public vs private addresses, subnetting basics, and how IP addresses are used in distributed system design. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/how-dns-works https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/how-dns-works DNS resolution from browser to root servers, record types, TTL, caching, and using DNS for traffic routing and failover. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/client-server-model https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/client-server-model How clients and servers communicate, the request-response cycle, stateless vs stateful servers, and practical implications for distributed system design. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/api-gateway https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/api-gateway API gateways as a single entry point for microservices: routing, auth, rate limiting, protocol translation, and observability — with design trade-offs. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/tcp-and-udp https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/tcp-and-udp How TCP and UDP differ, when to choose each transport protocol, and the implications for reliability, ordering, and latency in distributed systems. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/introduction-to-security-in-system-design https://tekivex.com/tutorials/system-design/introduction-to-security-in-system-design Threat modelling, the OWASP Top 10, defence-in-depth, and the security principles every system designer must bake in from day one. System Design Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/ddd-fundamentals https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/ddd-fundamentals Master the building blocks of DDD: Entities, Value Objects, Aggregates, Repositories, and Bounded Contexts. Software Architecture Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/cqrs https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/cqrs Separate read and write models for scalability and flexibility. Learn when CQRS adds value and when it adds unnecessary complexity. Software Architecture Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/creational-patterns https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/creational-patterns Master the five GoF creational patterns: Factory Method, Abstract Factory, Builder, Singleton, and Prototype. Each with when-to-use guidance and TypeScript examples. Software Architecture Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/structural-behavioral https://tekivex.com/tutorials/software-architecture/structural-behavioral Learn key GoF structural patterns (Adapter, Facade, Decorator) and behavioral patterns (Observer, Strategy, Command, Chain of Responsibility) with practical TypeScript examples. Software Architecture Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/frontend-patterns/data-fetching https://tekivex.com/tutorials/frontend-patterns/data-fetching Fetching data with useEffect, SWR, React Query, and Suspense patterns. Frontend Patterns Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/frontend-patterns/rendering-patterns https://tekivex.com/tutorials/frontend-patterns/rendering-patterns CSR, SSR, SSG, and ISR: how each rendering strategy works and when to use them. Frontend Patterns Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/frontend-patterns/error-handling https://tekivex.com/tutorials/frontend-patterns/error-handling Error boundaries, fallback UIs, retry patterns, and global error handling in React. Frontend Patterns Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/backend-patterns/auth-patterns https://tekivex.com/tutorials/backend-patterns/auth-patterns JWT, OAuth 2.0, and session-based authentication flows with practical implementation. Backend Patterns Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/intro-to-ai-ml https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/intro-to-ai-ml What is AI/ML? Types of learning, real-world examples, and core intuition behind how machines learn. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/math-behind-ml https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/math-behind-ml Linear algebra, calculus, and probability fundamentals for ML — with visual explanations and gradient descent from scratch. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/neural-network-basics https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/neural-network-basics How neurons, layers, weights, biases, and activation functions work together — with a perceptron from scratch. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/first-ml-model https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/first-ml-model Build a complete ML pipeline from scratch — data collection through deployment with linear regression in Python. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/classification-regression https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/classification-regression Understand the two core ML tasks, decision boundaries, evaluation metrics, and logistic regression implementation. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/training-deep-networks https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/training-deep-networks Forward pass, backpropagation, loss functions, optimizers, and the full training process explained visually. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/cnn https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/cnn How convolution works, pooling, feature maps, and a complete CNN architecture for image classification. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/rnn-sequence-models https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml/rnn-sequence-models Recurrent neural networks, vanishing gradients, LSTM cells, and comparison of sequence model architectures. AI & Machine Learning Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/attention-mechanism https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/attention-mechanism Self-attention explained simply — Query, Key, Value, attention scores, and a code implementation. Transformers & Large Language Models Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/transformer-architecture https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/transformer-architecture Complete Transformer breakdown — encoder, decoder, positional encoding, multi-head attention, and feed-forward networks. Transformers & Large Language Models Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/large-language-models https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/large-language-models How GPT and Claude work — tokenization, embeddings, transformer blocks, next-token prediction, and sampling strategies. Transformers & Large Language Models Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/fine-tuning-transfer https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-transformers/fine-tuning-transfer Pre-training vs fine-tuning, LoRA, QLoRA, PEFT methods, and when to fine-tune vs prompt engineer. Transformers & Large Language Models Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-training/model-training-pipeline https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-training/model-training-pipeline Full production ML pipeline from data collection through deployment and monitoring — every step explained. Training, Optimization & Deployment Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-training/hyperparameter-tuning https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-training/hyperparameter-tuning Learning rate, batch size, and architecture choices — grid search, random search, and Bayesian optimization. Training, Optimization & Deployment Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-training/model-evaluation https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-training/model-evaluation ROC curves, AUC, cross-validation, overfitting vs underfitting, and choosing the right evaluation metrics. Training, Optimization & Deployment Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/what-is-ai-agent https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/what-is-ai-agent The Observe-Think-Act loop, ReAct pattern, tool use, and how modern AI agents work. AI Agents & Multi-Agent Systems Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/agent-architectures https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/agent-architectures Single agent, multi-agent, hierarchical orchestration, memory systems, and orchestrator/worker patterns. AI Agents & Multi-Agent Systems Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/swarm-intelligence https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/swarm-intelligence How agents communicate — message passing, shared state, blackboard architecture, and network topologies. AI Agents & Multi-Agent Systems Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/mcp-protocol https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/mcp-protocol Master MCP from basics to production: architecture deep-dive, building servers and clients, transports, resources, prompts, security, debugging SOPs, and the MCP ecosystem. AI Agents & Multi-Agent Systems Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/langchain-langgraph https://tekivex.com/tutorials/ai-ml-agents/langchain-langgraph LangChain chains, LangGraph state machines, RAG pipelines, and building practical AI agent workflows. AI Agents & Multi-Agent Systems Thu, 28 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT